![]() Through literature mining, network analysis and topology comparison, it is found that hormones dominate in the cold network and immune factors dominate in the heat network, and the two networks are connected by neurotransmitters (Li et al., 2007). To investigate this, the researchers used a combination of computational analysis and animal experiments to interpret the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) system. Symptoms are an external reflection of the disease The pathogenesis is the intrinsic nature of the symptoms. ZHENG is a certain stage or type of pathological summary in the disease process in TCM, which is generally composed of a relatively fixed, intrinsically related set of symptoms and signs that can reveal the nature of a certain stage or type of lesion of the disease, such as cold ZHENG and heat ZHENG. Based on the standardized combination of four qi and five flavors of TCM, the clinical efficacy of TCM formula can be greatly improved(Zhang et al., 2016). TCM formula refers to a prescription composed of two or more flavors of traditional Chinese medicine, with relatively standardized processing methods and use methods, and designed for relatively certain disease symptoms, which is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine formulae Due to the complexity of patients' conditions and the diversity of pathogenesis, it is difficult for a single drug to meet the needs of patients with changeable and complex conditions, and the TCM formula is derived from the accumulation of rich experience in long-term clinical practice by making full use of the advantages of TCM differentiation and treatment (Luan et al., 2020). et al., 2021b), network construction of Chinese herbal medicine (Luo et al., 2020), and construction and analysis of drug-gene-disease network (Li and Zhang, 2013).(see Table 1, Table 2, Fig. Experimental methods include various high-throughput omics techniques as well as in vivo in vitro biology and pharmacology experiments (Jiashuo et al., 2022) Methods used in network pharmacology for TCM research include network-based disease gene prediction, drug targets (Muhammad et al., 2018), drug function prediction to specific diseases (Wang, X. Network pharmacology is a research field based on systems biology, genomics, proteomics and other disciplines, which is a method to discover new drug targets and molecular mechanisms by combining computational analysis with in vivo and in vitro experiments and integrating a large amount of information (Boezio et al., 2017) The calculation methods mainly include network topology information calculation, random network generation and comparison, network layering and clustering, and network visualization technology Z(Jiao et al., 2021).
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